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Parker-class flotilla leader
The ''Parker''-class leaders or improved ''Marksman''-class leaders were a class of six destroyer leaders built for the Royal Navy during 1916-17 for World War I service. They were named after famed historical naval leaders, except for ''Anzac'', which was named to honour the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and was later transferred to the Royal Australian Navy. They were the last major Royal Navy warships to be ordered with three propeller shafts, a design that was never widely adopted in British warships.
==Design==
The ''Parker''s were based on the design of the preceding ''Marksman''-class leaders and shared the same hull design and dimensions. Operations with the ''Marksman'' class and previous leaders indicated several areas for improvement: more freeboard, increased firepower, and relocation of the bridge to a position further aft. On the ''Parker'' class, the bridge was moved aft by reducing the boiler rooms from three to two; instead of the four funnels on the ''Marksman''s, the ''Parker''s had three, with the foremost funnel thicker and taller to keep the bridge clear of smoke. This allowed a superfiring gun to be added on a shelter deck.〔Conway's p. 80〕 This crucial design change was to set the trend for future designs, as it allowed for two forward guns with unobstructed firing arcs, with the higher of the two guns still usable when heavy seas broke across the fo'c'sle. ''Anzac'' was the only ship of the class with increased freeboard, as the decision to do so was made after the construction began on the other ships.
Another design improvement over previous types was the adoption of the Royal Navy's new director firing system for destroyers and leaders, a more spartan version of that on its battleships. Rather than having individual gun crews lay and fire their guns independently, the director on the bridge indicated the elevation and training for all the guns, and a gyroscope within the director fired them simultaneously "on the roll". This system improved accuracy, and was adopted as standard from the "V and W" destroyer class of 1917 onwards.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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